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== '''''Books for Xenopus Research and Protocols''''' ==
== Getting started ==
*'''''Xenopus'' Protocols: Post-Genomic Approaches. '''  Hoppler and Vize, 2012 [http://xenbase.org/literature/book.do?method=display&bookId=262]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
**expanded second edition with novel approaches inspired by ''X. tropicalis'' genome sequencing.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
 
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
*'''The Laboratory ''Xenopus sp''.'''  Green, 2010 [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/book.do?method=display&bookId=222]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
**a highly detailed manual containing Xenopus husbandry, management, veterinary care, and frog and equipment vendor information
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]
 
*'''''Xenopus'' Protocols: Cell Biology and Signal Transduction''' Liu (First edition), 2006 [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/book.do?method=display&bookId=206]
**step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principles behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents.
 
*'''Color Atlas of ''Xenopus laevis'' Histology''', Wiechmann and Wirsig-Wiechmann, 2003 [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/book.do?method=display&bookId=82]
**central source on the microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues, and major organs of Xenopus laevis.
 
*'''Early Development of ''Xenopus laevis'': A Laboratory Manual''', Sive, Grainger, and Harland, 2000 [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/book.do?method=display&bookId=22]
**comprehensive collection of protocols for the study of early development in Xenopus embryos
 
*'''Transgenic ''Xenopus'': Microinjection Methods and Developmental Neurobiology''', Seidman and Soreq, 1997 [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/book.do?method=display&bookId=203]
**referenced guide to the use of microinjected embryos studying the role and regulation of nervous system proteins during development.
 
*'''Atlas of ''Xenopus'' Development''', Bernardini, Prati, Bonetti, and Scari, 1999 [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/book.do?method=display&bookId=202]
**scanning, transmission, and light microscopy images of Xenopus embryonic development.
 
*'''Normal Table of ''Xenopus laevis'' (Daudin)''', Nieuwkoop and Faber (Third edition), 1994 [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/book.do?method=display&bookId=1]
**a systematic and chronological description of Xenopus laevis development.
 
*'''Xenopus laevis: Practical Uses in Cell and Molecular Biology, Volume 36''', Kay and Peng, 1991 [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/book.do?method=display&bookId=204]
**detailed description of a wide range of uses for Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos in cell and molecular biology.
 
*'''The early development of ''Xenopus laevis''. An atlas of the histology''', Hausen and Riebesell, 1991 [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/book.do?method=display&bookId=124]
**detailed histological sections of Xenopus embryonic development
 
== '''''Online Xenopus Resources''''' ==
 
=== '''External links to the Journal of Visualized Experiments (JOVE) - ''Xenopus'' embryo''' [http://www.jove.com/keyword/xenopus+embryo] - excellent video demonstrations ===
**Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles - Terni et al. -[https://www.jove.com/video/58028/functional-evaluation-of-olfactory-pathways-in-living-xenopus-tadpoles]
**Obtaining Eggs from ''Xenopus laevi''s Females - Cross & Powers [http://www.jove.com/video/890/obtaining-eggs-from-xenopus-laevis-females]
**Microinjection of ''Xenopus laevis'' Oocytes - Cohen et al. - [http://www.jove.com/video/1106/microinjection-of-xenopus-laevis-oocytes]
**Fertilization of ''Xenopus'' oocytes, Host Transfer Method - Schneider et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/1864/fertilization-of-xenopus-oocytes-using-the-host-transfer-method]
**Tissue Determination Using Animal Cap Transplant (ACT) Assay in ''X. laevis'' - Viczian & Zuber [http://www.jove.com/video/1932/tissue-determination-using-animal-cap-transplant-act-assay-xenopus]
**Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment - Grant et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/4458/blastomere-explants-to-test-for-cell-fate-commitment-during-embryonic]
**Transgenic ''Xenopus laevis'' by Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration and Nuclear Transplantation - Amaya & Kroll [http://www.jove.com/video/2010/production-transgenic-xenopus-laevis-restriction-enzyme-mediated]
**Organizer and Animal Pole Explants from ''X. laevis'' Embryos and Cell Adhesion Assay - Ogata & Cho [http://www.jove.com/video/187/dissection-organizer-animal-pole-explants-from-xenopus-laevis-embryos]
**Plastic Embedding and Sectioning of ''X. laevis'' Embryos - Ogata1 et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/188/plastic-embedding-and-sectioning-of-xenopus-laevis-embryos]
**Visualizing RNA Localization in ''Xenopus'' Oocytes - Gagnon & Mowry [http://www.jove.com/video/1704/visualizing-rna-localization-in-xenopus-oocytes]
**Neural Explant Cultures from ''Xenopus laevis'' - Lowery et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/4232/neural-explant-cultures-from-xenopus-laevis]
**Translocation of Fluorescent Proteins in ''Xenopus'' Ectoderm in Response to Wnt Signaling - Itoh & Sokol [http://www.jove.com/video/2700/polarized-translocation-fluorescent-proteins-xenopus-ectoderm]
**Dissection, Culture, and Analysis of ''X. laevis'' Embryonic Retinal Tissue - McDonough et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/4377/dissection-culture-analysis-xenopus-laevis-embryonic-retinal]
**''X. tropicalis'' Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs - Sharp & Blower [http://www.jove.com/video/50434/production-xenopus-tropicalis-egg-extracts-to-identify-microtubule]
**Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme - Tabler & Liu [http://www.jove.com/video/3381/electroporation-of-craniofacial-mesenchyme]
**Electrophysiological Recording from ''Xenopus'' Nerve-muscle Co-cultures - Yazejian et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/50253/simultaneous-pre-post-synaptic-electrophysiological-recording-from]
**Single Cell Electroporation ''in vivo'' within the Intact Developing Brain - Hewapathirane & Haas - [http://www.jove.com/video/705/single-cell-electroporation-in-vivo-within-the-intact-developing-brain]
**Live-cell Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Embryonic Epithelial Cells - Joshi & Davidson [http://www.jove.com/video/1949/live-cell-imaging-quantitative-analysis-embryonic-epithelial-cells]
**Preparation and Fractionation of ''Xenopus laevis'' Egg Extracts - Cross & Powers [http://www.jove.com/video/891/preparation-and-fractionation-of-xenopus-laevis-egg-extracts]
**In Vitro Nuclear Assembly Using Fractionated ''Xenopus'' Egg Extracts - Cross & Powers [http://www.jove.com/video/908/in-vitro-nuclear-assembly-using-fractionated-xenopus-egg-extracts]
**Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using ''Xenopus'' Egg Extracts - Willis et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/4449/study-of-the-dna-damage-checkpoint-using-xenopus-egg-extracts]
**Two Types of Assays for Detecting Frog Sperm Chemoattraction - Burnett et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/3407/two-types-of-assays-for-detecting-frog-sperm-chemoattraction]
**Comparative in vivo Study of gp96 Adjuvanticity in ''X. laevis'' - Nedelkovska et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/2026/comparative-vivo-study-gp96-adjuvanticity-frog-xenopus]
**Patch Clamp and Perfusion Techniques - Yang et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/2269/patch-clamp-perfusion-techniques-for-studying-ion-channels-expressed]
**Patch Clamp Recording of Ion Channels - Brown et al. [http://www.jove.com/video/936/patch-clamp-recording-of-ion-channels-expressed-in-xenopus-oocytes]
**Cation Transport in ''Xenopus'' Oocytes - Dürr et al.[http://www.jove.com/video/50201/measuring-cation-transport-nak-hk-atpase-xenopus-oocytes-atomic]
**Stem cell-like ''Xenopus'' Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo - BC.Durand [https://www.jove.com/video/53474/stem-cell-like-xenopus-embryonic-explants-to-study-early-neural]
**Dissection of ''Xenopus laevis'' Neural Crest for ''in vitro'' Explant Culture or in vivo Transplantation - Millet & Monsoro-Burq [https://www.jove.com/video/51118/dissection-xenopus-laevis-neural-crest-for-vitro-explant-culture-or]
==='''Protocols published in Journals'''===
Morpholino Studies in ''Xenopus'' Brain Development, Bestman and Cline. 2019, Brain Development pp 377-395, Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB, volume 2047) [[https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-9732-9_21#enumeration]]
 
== '''Cold Spring Harbor ''Xenopus'' Protocols''' Edited by Hazel Sive. published online 2018, 2019 and  2020. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/search?fulltext=Xenopus&submit=yes&x=18&y=12&tocsectionid=protocol&tocsectionid=recipe&tocsectionid=topic+introduction&tocsectionid=emerging+model+organisms&tocsectionid=product+protocol&tocsectionid=kit&tocsectionid=information+panel]==
Note: External links are provided but a subscription fee is required for access most CSHL protocols.
All CSHL protocol articles are Copyright 2018, 2019, or 2020  Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press- Request permission to re-use images/figures accordingly.
 
=== '''''General Research Protocols''''' ===
**Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization of ''Xenopus'' Embryos. Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet. 2017 [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2017/12/pdb.prot097287.full?sid=2def726a-9d33-480f-960a-2cb505467e1d]
**Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization of ''Xenopus'' Oocytes. Diana Bauermeister and Tomas Pieler. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/3/pdb.prot097014.full?sid=c828398a-2644-45a4-84d8-c438d0645c1c]
**Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of Cryosectioned ''Xenopus'' Oocytes. Christopher R. Neil and Kimberly Mowry. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/5/pdb.prot097030.full?sid=b0492802-2591-4c11-9ec5-fbc953f4c8d3]
**Whole-Mount Immunocytochemistry in ''Xenopus''. Michael W. Klymkowsky. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/1/pdb.prot097295.full?sid=2def726a-9d33-480f-960a-2cb505467e1d]
**Microinjection of mRNAs and Oligonucleotides. Sally A. Moody. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/12/pdb.prot097261.full?sid=2fc9436b-3641-44d3-b3c6-c967a7433e1a]
**Microinjection of DNA Constructs into ''Xenopus'' Embryos for Gene Misexpression and cis-Regulatory Module Analysis. Yuuri Yasuoka and Masanori Taira. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/1/pdb.prot097279.full?sid=2fc9436b-3641-44d3-b3c6-c967a7433e1a]
**Whole-Mount Immunofluorescence for Visualizing Endogenous Protein and Injected RNA in ''Xenopus'' Oocytes.  Samantha P. Jeschonek and Kimberly L. Mowry. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/10/pdb.prot097022.full?sid=2fc9436b-3641-44d3-b3c6-c967a7433e1a]
**Isolation of ''Xenopus'' Oocytes. Karen Newman, Tristan Aguero, and Mary Lou King. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/2/pdb.prot095851.full?sid=c828398a-2644-45a4-84d8-c438d0645c1c]
**Microinjection of ''Xenopus'' Oocytes. Tristan Aguero, Karen Newman, and Mary Lou King. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/2/pdb.prot096974.full?sid=c828398a-2644-45a4-84d8-c438d0645c1c]
**Oocyte Host-Transfer and Maternal mRNA Depletion Experiments in ''Xenopus''. Douglas W. Houston. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/10/pdb.prot096982.full?sid=d5693f80-e850-417d-a254-c0574571010e].
**Applying Tensile and Compressive Force to ''Xenopus'' Animal Cap Tissue.  Georgina K. Goddard, Nawseen Tarannum, and Sarah Woolner. 2020. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/early/2019/12/19/pdb.prot105551.full.pdf+html?sid=972ba2c9-9b73-4306-a49c-bfa681762184].
**RNAi-Mediated Loss of Function of ''Xenopus'' Immune Genes by Transgenesis. Eva-Stina Edholm and Jacques Robert. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/7/pdb.prot101519.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
**Flow Cytometric Analysis of ''Xenopus'' Immune Cells. Eva-Stina Edholm. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/7/pdb.prot097600.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
**Isolation and Demembranation of ''Xenopus'' Sperm Nuclei. James W. Hazel and Jesse C. Gatlin. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/6/pdb.prot099044.full?sid=b0492802-2591-4c11-9ec5-fbc953f4c8d3]
**Patch-Clamp and Perfusion Techniques to Study Ion Channels Expressed in ''Xenopus'' Oocytes. Guohui Zhang and Jianmin Cui. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/4/pdb.prot099051.full?sid=b0492802-2591-4c11-9ec5-fbc953f4c8d3]
**Heterologous Protein Expression in the ''Xenopus'' Oocyte. Jonathan S. Marchant. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/4/pdb.prot096990.full?sid=c828398a-2644-45a4-84d8-c438d0645c1c]
**Isolation and Analysis of ''Xenopus'' Germinal Vesicles. Garry T. Morgan. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/4/pdb.prot096958.full?sid=c828398a-2644-45a4-84d8-c438d0645c1c]
 
=== ''''''Omics''''' ===
**Transcriptomics and Proteomics Methods for ''Xenopus'' Embryos and Tissues. Michael J. Gilchrist, Gert Jan C. Veenstra, and Ken W.Y. Cho. 2020. [[''Topic Introduction'']] [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/early/2019/11/26/pdb.top098350.full.pdf+html?sid=972ba2c9-9b73-4306-a49c-bfa681762184]
**Mass Spectrometry-Based Absolute Quantification of Single ''Xenopus'' Embryo Proteomes. Rik G.H. Lindeboom, Arne H. Smits, Matteo Perino, Gert Jan C. Veenstra, and Michiel Vermeulen. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/6/pdb.prot098376.full?sid=67e6a6db-ab83-4e4e-9b7e-ec7d5fb9974b]
**INTACT Proteomics in ''Xenopus''. Lauren Wasson, Nirav M. Amin, and Frank L. Conlon. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/6/pdb.prot098384.full?sid=67e6a6db-ab83-4e4e-9b7e-ec7d5fb9974b]
 
=== '''''Genomes, Chromosomes, DNA, Chromatin and Epigenetics''''' ===
**''In Vitro'' Transcription Systems. Michael R. Green and Joseph Sambrook. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2020/1/pdb.top100750.full.pdf+html?sid=972ba2c9-9b73-4306-a49c-bfa681762184]
**ChIP-Sequencing in ''Xenopus'' Embryos. Saartje Hontelez, Ila van Kruijsbergen, and Gert Jan C. Veenstra. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/1/pdb.prot097907.full?sid=8e4aa418-f7f4-4ebb-bf83-c6a0f37997de]
**Chromatin Characterization in ''Xenopus laevis'' Cell-Free Egg Extracts and Embryos. Wei-Lin Wang, Takashi Onikubo, and David Shechter. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/2/pdb.prot099879.full?sid=421e6ded-097e-4c29-9bf0-9c4dfe75918e].
**Analysis of Chromatin Binding of Ectopically Expressed Proteins in Early ''Xenopus'' Embryos. Laura J.A. Hardwick and Anna Philpott. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/7/pdb.prot105577.full?sid=16f13371-6da8-40f7-8dba-5faaf784fe4d].
**Analysis of Phosphorylation Status of Ectopically Expressed Proteins in Early ''Xenopus'' Embryos. Laura J.A. Hardwick and Anna Philpott. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/7/pdb.prot105569.full?sid=16f13371-6da8-40f7-8dba-5faaf784fe4d].
**Assessing Ubiquitylation of Individual Proteins Using ''Xenopus'' Extract Systems. Gary S. McDowell and Anna Philpott. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/6/pdb.prot104513.full?sid=67e6a6db-ab83-4e4e-9b7e-ec7d5fb9974b]
**Generating a Three-Dimensional Genome from ''Xenopus'' with Hi-C. Ian K. Quigley and Sven Heinz. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/5/pdb.prot098343.full?sid=656fdacc-f612-4cf9-8a47-fb6ae54ec864]
**An RNA-Seq Protocol for Differential Expression Analysis. Nick D.L. Owens, Elena De Domenico, and Michael J. Gilchrist. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/6/pdb.prot098368.full?sid=67e6a6db-ab83-4e4e-9b7e-ec7d5fb9974b]
**DNase-seq to Study Chromatin Accessibility in Early ''Xenopus tropicalis'' Embryos. Jin Sun Cho, Ira L. Blitz, and Ken W.Y. Cho. 2019 [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/4/pdb.prot098335.full?sid=656fdacc-f612-4cf9-8a47-fb6ae54ec864]
**Mapping Chromatin Features of ''Xenopus'' Embryos. George E. Gentsch and James C. Smith. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/4/pdb.prot100263.full?sid=421e6ded-097e-4c29-9bf0-9c4dfe75918e]
**Reconstituting Nuclear and Chromosome Dynamics Using ''Xenopus'' Extracts. Susannah Rankin. 2019 [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/3/pdb.top097105.full?sid=421e6ded-097e-4c29-9bf0-9c4dfe75918e]
**Extracts for Analysis of DNA Replication in a Nucleus-Free System. Justin Sparks and Johannes C. Walter. 2019.  [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/3/pdb.prot097154.full?sid=421e6ded-097e-4c29-9bf0-9c4dfe75918e]
**Endoplasmic Reticulum Network Formation with ''Xenopus'' Egg Extracts. Songyu Wang, Fabian B. Romano, and Tom A. Rapoport. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/2/pdb.prot097204.full?sid=421e6ded-097e-4c29-9bf0-9c4dfe75918e].
**Chromosome Cohesion and Condensation in ''Xenopus'' Egg Extracts. Eulália M.L. da Silva and Susannah Rankin. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/2/pdb.prot097121.full?sid=8e4aa418-f7f4-4ebb-bf83-c6a0f37997de]
**Chromatin Interaction Analysis Using Paired-End-Tag (ChIA-PET) Sequencing in Tadpole Tissues. Nicolas Buisine, Xiaoan Ruan, Yijun Ruan, and Laurent M. Sachs. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/8/pdb.prot104620.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
**Chromatin Immunoprecipitation for Chromatin Interaction Analysis Using Paired-End-Tag (ChIA-PET) Sequencing in Tadpole Tissues. 2018. Nicolas Buisine, Xiaoan Ruan, Yijun Ruan, and Laurent M. Sachs. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/8/pdb.prot097725.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
 
=== '''''Endocrinology, Toxicology and Metamorphosis'''''===
**Methods for Investigating the Larval Period and Metamorphosis in ''Xenopus''. Daniel R. Buchholz and Yun-Bo Shi. [[''Topic Introduction'']] [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/10/pdb.top097667.full?sid=d5693f80-e850-417d-a254-c0574571010e].
**Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay—Xenopus (FETAX): Use in Alternative Preclinical Safety Assessment. Douglas J. Fort and Michael Mathis. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/8/pdb.prot098319.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
**Following Endocrine-Disrupting Effects on Gene Expression in ''Xenopus laevis''.  Petra Spirhanzlova, Michelle Leemans, Barbara A. Demeneix, and Jean-Baptiste Fini. 2019. Full-text link: [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/7/pdb.prot098301.full?sid=972ba2c9-9b73-4306-a49c-bfa681762184].
**Larval Thymectomy of ''Xenopus laevis''. Sara Mashoof, Breanna Breaux, and Michael F. Criscitiello. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/7/pdb.prot099192.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
 
=== '''''Cell-free extracts, Cell-free systems''''' ===
**The Use of Cell-Free ''Xenopus'' Extracts to Investigate Cytoplasmic Events. Romain Gibeaux and Rebecca Heald. 2019.[[''Topic Introduction'']] [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/6/pdb.top097048.full?sid=67e6a6db-ab83-4e4e-9b7e-ec7d5fb9974b]
**Calculating the Degradation Rate of Individual Proteins Using ''Xenopus'' Extract Systems.  Gary S. McDowell and Anna Philpott. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/6/pdb.prot103481.full?sid=67e6a6db-ab83-4e4e-9b7e-ec7d5fb9974b].
**Special Considerations for Making Explants and Transplants with ''Xenopus tropicalis''. 2019. Marilyn Fisher and Robert M. Grainger. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/6/pdb.prot097428.full?sid=67e6a6db-ab83-4e4e-9b7e-ec7d5fb9974b]. Supplemental Material [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/6/pdb.prot097428/suppl/DC1].
**Filopodia-Like Structure Formation from ''Xenopus'' Egg Extracts. Helen M. Fox and Jennifer L. Gallop. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/2/pdb.prot100545.full?sid=421e6ded-097e-4c29-9bf0-9c4dfe75918e].
**Centromere and Kinetochore Assembly in ''Xenopus laevis'' Egg Extract. Julio C. Flores Servin and Aaron F. Straight. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/9/pdb.prot102509.full?sid=d5693f80-e850-417d-a254-c0574571010e]
**Dissecting Protein Complexes in Branching Microtubule Nucleation Using Meiotic Xenopus Egg Extracts. Jae-Geun Song and Sabine Petry. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/9/pdb.prot100958.full?sid=d5693f80-e850-417d-a254-c0574571010e]
**Protein Immunodepletion and Complementation in ''Xenopus laevis'' Egg Extracts. Christopher Jenness, David J. Wynne, and Hironori Funabiki. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/9/pdb.prot097113.full?sid=d5693f80-e850-417d-a254-c0574571010e]
**Analysis of Mitotic Checkpoint Function in ''Xenopus'' Egg Extracts. Yinghui Mao. 2018 [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/9/pdb.prot099853.full?sid=d5693f80-e850-417d-a254-c0574571010e]
**Chemical Screening Using Cell-Free ''Xenopus'' Egg Extract. Matthew R. Broadus and Ethan Lee. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/8/pdb.prot098277.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
**Robustly Cycling ''Xenopus laevis'' Cell-Free Extracts in Teflon Chambers. Jeremy B. Chang and James E. Ferrell Jr. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/8/pdb.prot097212.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
**Microfluidic Encapsulation of Demembranated Sperm Nuclei in ''Xenopus'' Egg Extracts. John Oakey and Jesse C. Gatlin. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/8/pdb.prot102913.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
**Nucleus Assembly and Import in ''Xenopus laevis'' Egg Extract. Pan Chen and Daniel L. Levy. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/6/pdb.prot097196.full?sid=b0492802-2591-4c11-9ec5-fbc953f4c8d3]
**Assembly of Spindles and Asters in ''Xenopus'' Egg Extracts. Christine M. Field and Timothy J. Mitchison. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/6/pdb.prot099796.full?sid=b0492802-2591-4c11-9ec5-fbc953f4c8d3]
**Preparation of Cellular Extracts from ''Xenopus'' Eggs and Embryos. Matthew C. Good and Rebecca Heald. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/6/pdb.prot097055.full?sid=b0492802-2591-4c11-9ec5-fbc953f4c8d3]
 
=== '''''Immunobiology''''' ===
**Raising Antibodies for Use in ''Xenopus''.  Maya Z. Piccinni and Matthew J. Guille. 2020. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/early/2020/01/03/pdb.prot105585.full.pdf+html?sid=972ba2c9-9b73-4306-a49c-bfa681762184]
**Purifying Antibodies Raised against ''Xenopus'' Peptides. Maya Z. Piccinni and Matthew J. Guille. 2020. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/early/2020/01/03/pdb.prot105619.full.pdf+html?sid=972ba2c9-9b73-4306-a49c-bfa681762184]
**Assessing the Immune Response When Raising Antibodies for Use in ''Xenopus''. Maya Z. Piccinni and Matthew J. Guille. 2020. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/early/2020/01/03/pdb.prot105593.full.pdf+html?sid=972ba2c9-9b73-4306-a49c-bfa681762184].
**Lymphocyte Deficiency Induced by Sublethal Irradiation in ''Xenopus''. Louise A. Rollins-Smith and Jacques Robert. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/1/pdb.prot097626.full?sid=8e4aa418-f7f4-4ebb-bf83-c6a0f37997de].
**Skin Grafting in ''Xenopus laevis'': A Technique for Assessing Development and Immunological Disparity. Yumi Izutsu. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/5/pdb.prot099788.full?sid=67e6a6db-ab83-4e4e-9b7e-ec7d5fb9974b]
**Adoptive Transfer of Fluorescently Labeled Immune Cells in ''Xenopus''.  Kun Hyoe Rhoo and Jacques Robert. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/5/pdb.prot097592.full?sid=656fdacc-f612-4cf9-8a47-fb6ae54ec864]
**Assessing Antibody Responses to Pathogens or Model Antigens in ''Xenopus'' by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Francisco De Jesús Andino and Jacques Robert. 2019 [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/5/pdb.prot099234.full?sid=656fdacc-f612-4cf9-8a47-fb6ae54ec864]
**''In Vivo'' Assessment of Neural Precursor Cell Cycle Kinetics in the Amphibian Retina.  Morgane Locker and Muriel Perron2019.  [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/8/pdb.prot105536.full?sid=972ba2c9-9b73-4306-a49c-bfa681762184], Supplemental Material [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/8/pdb.prot105536/suppl/DC1]
**Protein Immunodepletion and Complementation in ''Xenopus laevis'' Egg Extracts. Christopher Jenness, David J. Wynne, and Hironori Funabiki. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/search?hits=10&submit=yes&submit=Go&sortspec=date&tocsectionid=protocol&tocsectionid=recipe&tocsectionid=topic%20introduction&tocsectionid=emerging%20model%20organisms&tocsectionid=product%20protocol&tocsectionid=kit&tocsectionid=information%20panel&format=standard&y=12&x=18&fulltext=Xenopus&FIRSTINDEX=60]
**Elicitation of Xenopus laevis Tadpole and Adult Frog Peritoneal Leukocytes. Leon Grayfer. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/7/pdb.prot097642.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
**RNAi-Mediated Loss of Function of ''Xenopus'' Immune Genes by Transgenesis. Eva-Stina Edholm and Jacques Robert. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/7/pdb.prot101519.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
**Flow Cytometric Analysis of ''Xenopus'' Immune Cells. Eva-Stina Edholm. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/7/pdb.prot097600.full?sid=b8877509-c956-4358-92ea-b76c615673a4]
 
==='''''Neurobiology and tissue regeneration'''''===
**''Ex Vivo'' Eye Tissue Culture Methods for ''Xenopus''. Jonathan J. Henry, Kimberly J. Perry, and Paul W. Hamilton. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/4/pdb.prot101535.full?sid=421e6ded-097e-4c29-9bf0-9c4dfe75918e].
**Methods for Examining Lens Regeneration in ''Xenopus''. Jonathan J. Henry, Kimberly J. Perry, and Paul W. Hamilton. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/4/pdb.prot101527.full?sid=421e6ded-097e-4c29-9bf0-9c4dfe75918e]
**Tracing Central Nervous System Axon Regeneration in ''Xenopus''. Kurt M. Gibbs and Ben G. Szaro. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/12/pdb.prot101030.full?sid=2fc9436b-3641-44d3-b3c6-c967a7433e1a]
**Cell Transplantation as a Method to Investigate Spinal Cord Regeneration in Regenerative and Nonregenerative ''Xenopus'' Stages. Emilio E. Méndez-Olivos and Juan Larraín. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/12/pdb.prot101006.full?sid=2fc9436b-3641-44d3-b3c6-c967a7433e1a]
**Infrared Laser-Mediated Gene Induction at the Single-Cell Level in the Regenerating Tail of ''Xenopus laevis'' Tadpoles. Riho Hasugata, Shinichi Hayashi, Aiko Kawasumi-Kita, Joe Sakamoto, Yasuhiro Kamei, and Hitoshi Yokoyama. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/12/pdb.prot101014.full?sid=2fc9436b-3641-44d3-b3c6-c967a7433e1a]
**Rod-Specific Ablation Using the Nitroreductase/Metronidazole System to Investigate Regeneration in ''Xenopus''. Reyna I. Martinez-De Luna and Michael E. Zuber. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/12/pdb.prot100974.full?sid=2fc9436b-3641-44d3-b3c6-c967a7433e1a]
**Studies of Limb Regeneration in Larval ''Xenopus''. Anthony L. Mescher and Anton W. Neff. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/4/pdb.prot100990.full?sid=656fdacc-f612-4cf9-8a47-fb6ae54ec864].
**Bulk Electroporation-Mediated Gene Transfer into Xenopus Tadpole Brain. Cristina Sáenz de Miera, Ethan Parr, and Robert J. Denver. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/10/pdb.prot097691.full?sid=d5693f80-e850-417d-a254-c0574571010e] . Supplemental Material [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/10/pdb.prot097691/suppl/DC1].
**nverse Drug Screening of Bioelectric Signaling and Neurotransmitter Roles: Illustrated Using a ''Xenopus'' Tail Regeneration Assay. Kelly G. Sullivan and Michael Levin. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/3/pdb.prot099937.full?sid=c828398a-2644-45a4-84d8-c438d0645c1c]
 
==='''''Fate mapping, explants and transplants'''''===
**Dissecting and Culturing Animal Cap Explants. Kevin S. Dingwell and James C. Smith. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/10/pdb.prot097329.full?sid=d5693f80-e850-417d-a254-c0574571010e]
**Cranial Neural Crest Explants. Hélène Cousin and Dominique Alfandari. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/3/pdb.prot097394.full?sid=c828398a-2644-45a4-84d8-c438d0645c1c]
**Einsteck Transplants. Hélène Cousin. 2019 [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/2/pdb.prot097352.full?sid=8e4aa418-f7f4-4ebb-bf83-c6a0f37997de]
**Cleavage Blastomere Deletion and Transplantation to Test Cell Fate Commitment in ''Xenopus''. Sally A. Moody. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/1/pdb.prot097311.full?sid=8e4aa418-f7f4-4ebb-bf83-c6a0f37997de]
**Cleavage Blastomere Explant Culture in ''Xenopus''. Sally A. Moody. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/1/pdb.prot097303.full?sid=8e4aa418-f7f4-4ebb-bf83-c6a0f37997de]
**Lineage Tracing and Fate Mapping in ''Xenopus'' Embryos. Sally A. Moody. 2018.  [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/12/pdb.prot097253.full?sid=2fc9436b-3641-44d3-b3c6-c967a7433e1a]
 
===CSHL Recipes===
**Embryo Lysis Buffer (''Xenopus''). (Recipe 1) CSHLP. 2019 [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/7/pdb.rec106542.full?sid=67e6a6db-ab83-4e4e-9b7e-ec7d5fb9974b]
**''Xenopus'' Embryo Lysis Buffer. (Recipe 2). CSHLP. 2019 [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/4/pdb.rec104984.full?sid=ee051c86-4c27-43bb-b30d-6ab36902aaf0]
**Lysis Buffer for ''Xenopus'' (recipe3) CSHLP. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/1/pdb.rec105775.full?sid=8e4aa418-f7f4-4ebb-bf83-c6a0f37997de]
**DNA Isolation Buffer. CSHLP. 2019 [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/5/pdb.rec106443.full?sid=656fdacc-f612-4cf9-8a47-fb6ae54ec864]
**Lysis Buffer for Xenopus Hi-C. CSHLP 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/5/pdb.rec106435.full?sid=656fdacc-f612-4cf9-8a47-fb6ae54ec864]
**RIPA Buffer for ''Xenopus''. CSHLP 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/6/pdb.rec105932.full?sid=67e6a6db-ab83-4e4e-9b7e-ec7d5fb9974b]
**Amphibian Serum-Free (ASF) Medium Supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS).  CSHL 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/5/pdb.rec105387.full?sid=656fdacc-f612-4cf9-8a47-fb6ae54ec864]
**''Xenopus'' Eye Culture Medium. CSHLP 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/4/pdb.rec105072.full?sid=656fdacc-f612-4cf9-8a47-fb6ae54ec864]
**Marc's Modified Ringer's (MMR) for ''Xenopus'' (1×). CSHLP. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/6/pdb.rec103861.full?sid=b0492802-2591-4c11-9ec5-fbc953f4c8d3]
**Marc's Modified Ringer's (MMR) for ''Xenopus'' (20×). CSHLP. 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/3/pdb.rec104406.full?sid=421e6ded-097e-4c29-9bf0-9c4dfe75918e]
**Injection Buffer for ''Xenopus''.  CSHLP 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/1/pdb.rec105957.full?sid=8e4aa418-f7f4-4ebb-bf83-c6a0f37997de]
**TE Buffer for ''Xenopus''.  CSHLP 2019. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2019/1/pdb.rec105973.full?sid=8e4aa418-f7f4-4ebb-bf83-c6a0f37997de]
**Proteinase K Buffer for ''Xenopus'' Oocytes. CSHLP 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/10/pdb.rec103374.full?sid=d5693f80-e850-417d-a254-c0574571010e]
**PBT/PBT-Plus for ''Xenopus'' Oocytes. CSHL. 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/10/pdb.rec103366.full?sid=d5693f80-e850-417d-a254-c0574571010e]
**Energy Mix for ''Xenopus'' Egg Extracts. CSHL 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/6/pdb.rec103606.full?sid=b0492802-2591-4c11-9ec5-fbc953f4c8d3]
**''Xenopus'' Oocyte Culture Medium (XOCM).CSHL 2018.[http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/5/pdb.rec103382.full?sid=b0492802-2591-4c11-9ec5-fbc953f4c8d3]
**PBT for ''Xenopus'' Oocyte FISH.CSHL 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/5/pdb.rec103630.full?sid=b0492802-2591-4c11-9ec5-fbc953f4c8d3]
**Blocking Solution for ''Xenopus'' Oocytes. CSHL 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/3/pdb.rec103945.full?sid=c828398a-2644-45a4-84d8-c438d0645c1c]
**Aldehyde Fixative (MEMFA). CSHL 2018. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2018/1/pdb.rec102731.full?sid=2def726a-9d33-480f-960a-2cb505467e1d]
**Staining Buffer for ''Xenopus'' Embryos. CSHL 2017. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2017/12/pdb.rec102798.full?sid=2def726a-9d33-480f-960a-2cb505467e1d]
**Blocking Solution for ''Xenopus'' Embryos. CSHL 2017. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2017/12/pdb.rec102772.full?sid=2def726a-9d33-480f-960a-2cb505467e1d]
**Embryonic ''Xenopus'' Culture Media (CM). CSHL 2017. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2017/12/pdb.rec102699.full?sid=2def726a-9d33-480f-960a-2cb505467e1d]
**Hybridization Buffer (HB) for ''Xenopus'' Embryos. CSHL 2017. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2017/12/pdb.rec102780.full?sid=2def726a-9d33-480f-960a-2cb505467e1d]
 
='''Cold Spring Harbor ''Xenopus'' Protocols'''  2007. Edited by Hazel Sive=
**Housing and Feeding of Xenopus laevis - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/5/pdb.top8.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Inducing Ovulation in Xenopus laevis - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/5/pdb.prot4734.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Xenopus laevis In Vitro Fertilization and Natural Mating Methods - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/5/pdb.prot4737.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Egg Collection and In Vitro Fertilization of the Western Clawed Frog Xenopus tropicalis - Showell & Conlon [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2009/9/pdb.prot5293.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Isolation of Xenopus Oocytes - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/12/pdb.prot5534.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Isolating Xenopus laevis Testes - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/5/pdb.prot4735.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Dejellying Xenopus laevis Embryos  - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/5/pdb.prot4731.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Removing the Vitelline Membrane from Xenopus laevis Embryos - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/5/pdb.prot4732.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Microinjection of Xenopus Embryos - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/12/pdb.ip81.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Defolliculation of Xenopus Oocytes - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/12/pdb.prot5535.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Microinjection of Xenopus Oocytes - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/12/pdb.prot5536.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Animal Cap Isolation from Xenopus laevis - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/6/pdb.prot4744.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Xenopus laevis Keller Explants - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/6/pdb.prot4749.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Microinjection of RNA and Preparation of Secreted Proteins from Xenopus Oocytes - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/12/pdb.prot5538.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Calibration of the Injection Volume for Microinjection of Xenopus Oocytes and Embryos - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/12/pdb.prot5537.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Isolation of DNA from Red Blood Cells in Xenopus - Sive et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2012/1/pdb.prot067462.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Investigating Morphogenesis in Xenopus Embryos: Imaging Strategies, Processing, and Analysis - Kim & Davidson [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2013/4/pdb.top073890.abstract?sid=47d75b27-9727-4811-8a78-0330a022b90f]
**Low-Magnification Live Imaging of Xenopus Embryos for Cell and Developmental Biology - Wallingford [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/5/pdb.prot5425.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**High-Magnification In Vivo Imaging of Xenopus Embryos for Cell and Developmental Biology - Keiserman et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/5/pdb.prot5427.abstract?sid=3a8d778b-0e2c-4925-bb88-c7ade32e7bff]
**Preparation of Fixed Xenopus Embryos for Confocal Imaging - Wallingford [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/5/pdb.prot5426.abstract?sid=3a8d778b-0e2c-4925-bb88-c7ade32e7bff]
**Whole-Mount Fluorescence Immunocytochemistry on Xenopus Embryos - Lee et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2008/2/pdb.prot4957.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Generation of Transgenic Xenopus laevis - Kroll & Amaya - [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/9/pdb.prot4838.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae] [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/9/pdb.prot4839.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae] [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2007/9/pdb.prot4840.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**In Vivo Time-Lapse Imaging of Neuronal Development in Xenopus - Ruthazer et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2013/9/pdb.top077156.abstract?sid=47d75b27-9727-4811-8a78-0330a022b90f]
**Photoconversion for Tracking the Dynamics of Cell Movement in Xenopus laevis Embryos - Chernet et al. [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2012/6/pdb.prot068502.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Single-Cell Electroporation in Xenopus - Liu & Haas [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2011/9/pdb.top065607.abstract?sid=009b88bf-7bfb-4279-9528-70643a25bbae]
**Imaging Axon Pathfinding in Xenopus In Vivo - Leung & Holt [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2012/9/pdb.prot070003.abstract?sid=47d75b27-9727-4811-8a78-0330a022b90f]
**A Versatile Protocol for mRNA Electroporation of Xenopus laevis Embryos - Chernet & Levin [http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2012/4/pdb.prot067694.abstract?sid=47d75b27-9727-4811-8a78-0330a022b90f]
 
== '''''General Research Protocols''''' ==
 
=== '''''Animal Husbandry''''' ===
*obtain frogs and frog housing equipment [http://www.xenbase.org/other/obtain.do]
*Xenopus Express links [http://www.xenopus.com/links.htm] - Xenopus Express husbandry [http://www.xenopus.com/husbandry.htm]
*[[Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis environmental parameter standard operating procedure (Kroll lab)]]
 
 
=== '''''[[Lab Solutions and Reagents]]''''' (click each to view expanded content) ===
*[[culture media]]
*[[immunohistochemistry]]
*[[in situ hybridization]]
*[[fixatives]]
*[[DNA/RNA preparation]]
*[[embryo manipulation/dissection]]
*[[microinjection]]
*[[general buffers and salt solutions]]
 
 
=== '''''Generating Embryos''''' ===
*[[inducing egg laying via hCG injection (Vize lab)]]
*[[anesthesia, in vitro fertilization, and natural mating of Xenopus tropicalis (Conlon lab)]]
*[[benzocaine stock, 100x (Khokha lab)]]
*[[in vitro fertilization of Xenopus laevis (Conlon lab)]]
*[[high-salt solution for egg laying (Zorn lab/Ron Laskey)]]
*[[dejellying embryos (Sive et al. 2000)]]
*[[dejellying embryos (Zorn lab)]]
 
 
=== '''''Transgenesis''''' ===
*[[transgenesis in Xenopus laevis - adapted from Amaya et al 2001 (Conlon lab)]]
*[[tadpole tail sampling for genomic DNA (Conlon lab)]]
*''Production of transgenic Xenopus laevis by restriction enzyme mediated integration and nuclear transplantation.'' Amaya E, Kroll K.  J Vis Exp. 2010 Aug 21;(42). [http://www.jove.com/video/2010/production-of-transgenic-xenopus-laevis-by-restriction-enzyme-mediated-integration-and-nuclear-transplantation]
*''A method for generating transgenic frog embryos.'' Ishibashi S, Kroll KL, Amaya E.  Methods Mol Biol. 2008;461:447-66.  [http://www.springerlink.com/content/vn5v1470g87620t1/#section=96225&page=1]
*''A method for generating transgenic frog embryos.'' Amaya E, Kroll KL.  Methods Mol Biol. 1999;97:393-414. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/vn5v1470g87620t1/#section=96225&page=1]
 
 
=== '''''in situ Hybridization''''' ===
*[[in situ hybridization, brief version (Harland lab)]]
*[[whole-mount in situ hybridization (Conlon lab)]]
**[[in situ checklist (Conlon lab)]]
*[[whole-mount in situ hybridization - LNA probes (Wheeler lab)]]
*[[fluorescent in-situs and FCIS (Vize lab)]]
**[[Wholemount embryo FISH / Double FISH]]
**[[Flourescin Tyramide Synthesis]]
**[[Cy3 Tyramide Synthesis]]
**[[FCIS]]
*[[RNA Whole-Mount In situ Hybridisation Proximity Ligation Assay (rISH-PLA) (Myers and Scarlett labs)]]
 
 
=== '''''Immunohistochemistry''''' ===
*[[wholemount antibody staining (CSH Protocols) (Wallingford lab)]]
*[[wholemount antibody staining - alkaline phosphatase detection (Conlon lab)]]
*[[wholemount antibody staining - adapted from Dan Weeks' protocol (Conlon lab)]]
*[[immunostaining sectioned embryos (Conlon lab)]]
*[[hydrochloric acid antigen retrieval (Zorn lab)]]
*[[RNA Whole-Mount In situ Hybridisation Proximity Ligation Assay (rISH-PLA) (Myers and Scarlett labs)]]
 
 
=== '''''ChIP protocols''''' ===
*'''Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of Xenopus embryos.''', Methods Mol Biol. 2012;917:279-92. [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/article.do?method=display&articleId=45851] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22956095]
**Akkers RC, Jacobi UG, Veenstra GJ.
*'''Chromatin immunoprecipitation in early Xenopus laevis embryos.''', Dev Dyn. 2009 Jun;238(6):1422-32. [http://www.xenbase.org/literature/article.do?method=display&articleId=39423] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19334278]
**Blythe SA, Reid CD, Kessler DS, Klein PS.
 
 
=== '''''Histology''''' ===
*[[cryosectioning Xenopus embryos (Conlon lab)]]
 
 
=== '''''Embryo Staining Protocols (non in situ)''''' ===
*[[benzidine-peroxidase staining for blood (Conlon lab)]]
*[[benzidine-peroxidase staining for blood (Thomsen lab)]]
*[[apoptosis via TUNEL (Veenstra lab)]]
*[[TUNEL staining of whole Xenopus embryos - Harland protocol (Conlon lab)]]
 
 
=== '''''Immuno and Protein Protocols''''' ===
*[[immunoprecipitation (Stukenberg lab)]]
*[[immunofluorescence with biotinylated antibodies (Stukenberg lab)]]
*Purifying Polyclonal Antibodies using Affinity Columns/Chromatography
*[[Making an Affinity Column]]
*[[Running an Affinity Column]]
*[[whole embryo protein extraction with freon (Conlon lab)]]
*[[SDS-PAGE gels (Conlon lab)]]
*[[western blot protocol (Conlon lab)]]
*[[silver staining protein gels (Stukenberg lab)]]
 
 
=== '''''Nucleic Acid Protocols''''' ===
*RNA Isolation
**[[Preparation of RNA Using Proteinase K/LiCl (Sive et al. 2000)]]
**[[Preparation of RNA (In Vitro Transcription) (Sive et al. 2000)]]
*DNA Isolation
**[[Extraction of DNA from Single Embryos (Sive et al. 2000)]]
**[[Isolation of DNA from Red Blood Cells (Sive et al. 2000)]]
 
 
 
=== '''''[[Oocyte Transfer Technique (Heasman/Wylie labs)]]''''' ===
*[[Part 1: Choosing Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs)]]
*[[Part 2: ODN Modification]]
*[[Part 3: Host Transfer Technique]]
*[[Part 4: Fertilization and Development]]
 
 
=== '''''Xenopus Oocyte and Egg Extracts''''' ===
*[[crude interphase egg extract (Shechter lab)]]
*[[isolation of chromatin from egg extract and histone recovery (Shechter lab)]]
*[[preparation of cycling egg extract (Shechter lab)]]
*[[cycling extracts, mike's protocol (Stukenberg lab)]]
*[[cycling extracts, sara's protocol (Stukenberg lab)]]
*[[CSF extract, mike's protocol (Stukenberg lab)]]
*[[CSF extract, sara's protocol (Stukenberg lab)]]
*[[assaying H1 kinase in extracts (Stukenberg lab)]]
*[[frozen egg extracts that retain spindle assembly activity (Takagi and Shimamoto, 2017)]]
 
 
=== '''''Xenopus Tissue Culture''''' ===
*[[tissue culture of Xenopus cell lines S3, XTC (Stukenberg lab)]]
*[[isolation of mitotic chromosomes from XTC cells (Stukenberg lab)]]
*[[in-vitro kinetochore-microtubule binding assays (Stukenberg lab)]]

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