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=''dmw''=
=''dm-w''=
This is the community wiki page for the gene 'dmw' please feel free to add any information that is relevant to this gene that is not already captured elsewhere in Xenbase.
This is the community wiki page for the gene ''dm-w'' please feel free to add any information that is relevant to this gene that is not already captured elsewhere in Xenbase.
=gene function=
=gene function and orthology=
The ''dm-w'' gene is purported to be involved in sex determination in amphibians, and is related to (thus is a paralog of ) the '''DMRT1''' gene family which are sex determining genes in reptiles.
The ''dm-w'' gene is involved in sex determination in amphibians, and is related to (thus is a paralog of) the '''DMRT1''' gene family which are sex determining genes in reptiles.
In ''X. tropicalis'', a diploid ( 2N=20) species, sex determination has been investigated by Monica Bullejos at the Universiidad de Jaen,Spain, Bene Evans, Amy Sater, Marko Horb and others. .
Bullejos used cytogenetic analysis to look for sex determining genes at chromosomes at metaphase, but could not see any difference between ''X. laevis and X. tropicalis''.
Hayashi et al 2023, Promoter generation for the chimeric sex-determining gene dm-W in Xenopus frogs, also concur, that there is no ''dm-w in X. tropicalis'':
Chemical induced sex reversal experiments in ''X. tropicalis'' determined that the sex determining system is a YW/YZ.
See The review/overview from Schartl 2015 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.151351811
and Roco et al 2015 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505291112
Roco et al 2015 demonstrated the Xtrop does not have the dm-w gene at all, and described 3 different types of sex chromosomes exist: Y, W, and Z, Their “analysis shows that both males and females in ''X. tropicalis'' can be either homogametic or heterogametic. At least three different types of sex chromosomes exist: Y, W, and Z, observed in YZ, YW, and ZZ males and ZW and WW females. “In this study, “Genetic markers linked to the X. tropicalis sex-determining locus were identified in an amplified fragment-length polymorphism study (35). These markers largely place to sequence scaffolds that genetically map to the short arm of linkage group 7 (chromosome 7).”
[[File:Screenshot 2024-01-31 at 9.06.08 AM.png|thumb]]
So of the 3 sex 'genes'/chromosomes, Y W and Z, it has been shown that the a dominance hierarchy exists: Y > W > Z.
Wells et al 2011, (Development) found that sex 'chromosomes' Y and W have not accumaulated deleterious mutations.
They also state that the sex determining genes are on Chromosome 7.
Hayashi et al 2023, published a paper about the promoter regions for ''dm-w in Xenopus'' and they also concur, that there is no ''dm-w in X. tropicalis'':
This is the community wiki page for the gene dm-w please feel free to add any information that is relevant to this gene that is not already captured elsewhere in Xenbase.
gene function and orthology
The dm-w gene is involved in sex determination in amphibians, and is related to (thus is a paralog of) the DMRT1 gene family which are sex determining genes in reptiles.
Hayashi et al 2023, Promoter generation for the chimeric sex-determining gene dm-W in Xenopus frogs, also concur, that there is no dm-w in X. tropicalis:
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