XB-FEAT-6467139
ces2/ces2.1
This is the community wiki page for the gene ces2 please feel free to add any information that is relevant to this gene that is not already captured elsewhere in Xenbase.
nomenclature changes
On December 28, 2018, this gene was changed from ces3 to ces3.1. Evidence includes the Ensembl ces3 gene tree as well as partial synteny with human CES3 locus.
05JUNE 2023
Xenopus gene changed from ces3.1 to ces3.
18SEPT2023
Xenopus gene symbol and gene name changed from ces3.1, carboxylesterase 3, gene 1 to ces2.1, carboxylesterase 2, gene 1 following phylogenetic analysis, synteny analysis and by applying Xenopus nomenclature rules to this gene expansion on chromosome 4.
the Xenopus genes are duplicates within a single clade, which is most closely relates to the Human CES2 genes, not the CES3 genes as previously thought
Applying Xenopus nomenclature, we have renamed all CES2 orthologs , with X. tropicalis ces2.1-ces2.8, from left to right, and X. laevis' genes ces2.1.L-ces2.5.L from left to right. There are no genes on the X. laevis S subgenome.
synteny and orthology
18SEPT2023=
There are 5 x ces genes in X. laevis on Chr4L and 8 x ces# genes in X. tropicalis on chromosome 4, flanked by wtip and uba2 downstream, and ankar-like, rrad, and cdh16 upstream. There are no ces2 paralogs in the v10 annotation X. laevis S sub genome
Here the order of genes are compared with across species, with new ces2 gene assignment in bold. Note that Human has 3 CES genes, all likely a result of a duplication event, and the goal was to determine which of these genes is the closest ortholog to the frog genes.expansion.
Xtrop chr4: wtip< uba2< (GeneID: 100144981)ces3.1>ces2.1 LOC100493994(ces2-like)>ces2.2 (GeneID:394897)ces5A> ces2.3 (GeneID:779633)ces3.4>ces2.4 LOC116410405>ces2.5 (GeneID:100493652)ces3.5>ces2.6 LOC100493819>ces2.7 (GeneID:100494149)ces3.7>ces2.8 LOC105945786(ankar-like)< rrad> cdh16>
Xlaevis chr4L: wtip.L< uba2.L< LOC108714107(ces5a)>ces2.1.L (GeneID:100381172)ces3.4.L>ces2.2 LOC108713509>ces2.3 LOC108714105(ces5a-like)>ces2.4 LOC108713647(cesE2)>ces2.5 LOC121403150(ankar-like) rrad.L
X.laevis chr4S: wtip.S< uba2.S> rrad.S> pdp2.S ca7.S cyba.S
H.sapiens Chr6: B3GNT9 PHAF1 CBFB RN7SL543P CES4A CES3 LOC107984881(ncRNA) CES2 CIAO2B RRAD CDH16