XB-FEAT-5911700

mel

This is the community wiki page for the gene mel please feel free to add any information that is relevant to this gene that is not already captured elsewhere in Xenbase.

nomenclature and orthology

Xenopus has 2 melatonin receptor genes in the Xtrop v10 assembly which desperately needs a better name and proper characterization.

1) mtnr1a, melatonin receptor 1A [ Xenopus tropicalis Gene ID: 116408465]

2) mel, clone X2.0 melatonin receptor [ Xenopus tropicalis GeneID:100486065]

Xenopus melatonin receptor genes compared to the human Melatonin receptor genes: MTNR1A and MTNR1B

1)HUMAN MTNR1A Melatonin receptor type 1 A /melatonin receptor 1A [ Homo sapiens (human) Gene ID: 4543]

This gene encodes one of two high affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin, the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This receptor is a G-protein coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor that is responsible for melatonin effects on mammalian circadian rhythm and reproductive alterations affected by day length. The receptor is an integral membrane protein that is readily detectable and localized to two specific regions of the brain. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus appears to be involved in circadian rhythm while the hypophysial pars tuberalis may be responsible for the reproductive effects of melatonin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NCBI identifies the Xenopus tropicalis Gene ID: 116408465 mtnr1a melatonin receptor 1A as the ortholog for MTNR1A. Synteny confirms/ agrees with this.

Synteny:

Human Chr4: TRIML1 … TRIML2 … ZFP42 … K11KB1. … F11-AS1 … MTNR1A … FAT1 Chick: KLKB1 … LOC … LOC FAT1 … MTNR1A … Xtrop chr1: LOC116408464 … fat1 … mtnr1a … klkb1 … cyp4v2.2 … cyp4v2.1 … fam149a

Xla.Chr1L. LOC|fat1. mtnr1a.L … klkb1 … cyp4v2.2.L … cyp4v2.1.L … fam149a.L

Action: the v10 trop gene needs to be added to the mtnr1a gene page []

2)Human Melatonin receptor type 1 B [ Homo sapiens (human) Gene ID: 4543]

This gene encodes one of two high affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin, the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This gene product is an integral membrane protein that is a G-protein coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor. It is found primarily in the retina and brain although this detection requires RT-PCR. It is thought to participate in light-dependent functions in the retina and may be involved in the neurobiological effects of melatonin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NCBI does not identify any X. tropicalis gene as an ortholog for Melatonin receptor type 1B, and sytney does not find any Xtrop candidate gene in this position.

Synteny:

Human chr11: Gene ID: 4544. [unch/LOC enhancers] SLC36A4 … MTNR1B … FAT3 [unch/LOC enhancers]

Mouse chr9: Gene ID: 244701. [unch/LOC enhancers] Slc36a4 … Mtnr1b … Fat3 [unch/LOC enhancers]

Xtrop : deup1<. slc36a4>. Xxxx. fat3<. Loc(grcwsp1l) loc(cnbd2l)< chordc1>. naaiad2<. folh1< nox4> tyr<

Xtrop GeneID:100486065 currently called ‘mel’, but this gene is not in human, mouse,

Xtrop chr 3: atox1 … sparc … fat2 … mel … slc36a1 … loc(slc) … gm2a

Xla.Chr3L: ccdc69.L< cd74.L> gm2a> slc36a1.L> mel.L< LOC(fat2)< sparc< atox1<

Human ch5: ATOX1 SPARC> FAT2> SLC36A1 > SLC36A2> GM2A> CCDC69

Mouse chr11(rv): SPARC> FAT2> SLC36A1 > SLC36A1os> SLC36A2> Gm31688 < SLC36A3>

The Xtrop Mel genes protein [XP_012809776] accession is currently called melatonin receptor type 1A but it’s not the true ortholog.

XB will change the 'mel' gene symbol to 'mtnr1al, melatonin receptor type 1A like' for now.

nomenclature changes

26April2023

Xenopus gene name and symbol changed from mel, cloneX20 melatonin to mtnr1al, melatonin receptor type 1A like